Which of the following is NOT a consequence of transitioning to agriculture?

The choice indicating that improvement in dietary diversity is not a consequence of transitioning to agriculture is correct. This is because the shift to agricultural practices often leads to a reliance on a limited number of staple crops, such as wheat, rice, or maize, which can decrease overall dietary diversity. In early agricultural societies, while populations might increase and settle, the range of foods consumed often narrows, moving away from the varied diet typically associated with foraging, where hunter-gatherers had access to a broad spectrum of plants and animals.

In contrast, the other options reflect common consequences of the agricultural transition. Changes in social structure often occur as communities expand and new social hierarchies emerge based on land ownership and resource control. Increased resource conflicts can arise due to competition for scarce resources, especially as populations grow and groups vie for the same land and water sources. Environmental degradation is frequently a result of agriculture practices, leading to issues like soil depletion, deforestation, and habitat destruction as land is cleared for farming purposes. Thus, the transition to agriculture brings numerous significant shifts, but an improvement in dietary diversity is typically not one of them.