Which adaptation is NOT associated with Neanderthals?

Neanderthals are known for a variety of physical adaptations that reflect their environment and lifestyle, particularly in cold, harsh climates. One characteristic that is frequently discussed is their robust, short, and stocky frames, which are adaptations that helped conserve body heat. Additionally, they had larger nasal apertures, which would facilitate increased airflow and possibly help to warm and moisten colder air before it entered the lungs.

Large orbital foramina are also noted in Neanderthals, as their eye sockets were larger, providing them with better eyesight under low-light conditions common in their habitat.

In contrast, the adaptation of long limbs for running is not associated with Neanderthals. This trait is generally characteristic of modern humans and other hominins adapted for endurance running and travel over long distances. Neanderthals, however, had shorter limbs and a stockier build, optimizing their strength and efficiency in a cold climate rather than long-distance running. This physical form allowed them to be more effective in their environment, hunting large animals and enduring harsh weather conditions. Therefore, the option regarding long limbs for running accurately reflects an adaptation that is not associated with Neanderthals.