What does social stratification describe?

Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups within a society, primarily based on factors such as wealth, income, social status, and power. This concept illustrates how society is layered, with different levels representing varying degrees of access to resources and opportunities.

Recognizing social stratification is crucial for understanding the dynamics of inequality and how it impacts people's lives and relationships. For example, those at the top of the social hierarchy typically have greater access to education, healthcare, and political influence, whereas those at the bottom may face challenges in these areas, perpetuating cycles of disadvantage.

The other options do not capture the essence of social stratification. The notion of absolute equality among individuals undermines the very concept of stratification, as it suggests there are no distinctions or layers within society. Informal social circles pertain more to social networks rather than a structured hierarchy based on systemic factors. Lastly, while cultural practices can vary among social groups, exclusivity in cultural practices does not encapsulate the broader societal patterns of wealth and power distribution that social stratification describes.